The Madrid Protocol in Israel
After many years of expectations, effective as of September 1, 2010, Israel joined the Madrid Protocol.
What is the Madrid Protocol?
The Madrid Protocol is an international system (operated by WIPO) which enables trademark owners to file trademark applications in an international centralized manner, thereby reducing costs of filing and subsequent maintenance of trademark registrations. Unless a trademark application faces a refusal by a local Trademark Office in one of the designated countries, the trademark owner is not required to appoint a local agent in each jurisdiction. This fact can potentially save much of the costs for the trademark owner.
How does it work?
An applicant files a trademark application in its home country. Subsequently, it may file an international trademark application based on the national application, provided that it meets the criteria of entitlement (either it has a commercial establishment, domicile or nationality in the country of the Trademark Office in which the international application is filed). Shortly thereafter, the Israeli Trademark Office reviews the application form to ascertain that it corresponds to the national application/registration, and transmits it to WIPO. Subsequently, WIPO checks whether the application meets various formalities (entitlement, classification, lists of goods and services, etc.). If it does, WIPO publishes the international application in its Gazette, the international registration takes place and WIPO notifies the designated Trademark Offices in the jurisdictions where the applicant seeks protection.
The application then undergoes substantial examination under the law and practice of each jurisdiction in the local Trademark Office in each designated country. This examination must conclude within either 12, 18 or "18+" months, as declared by that country when it joined the Protocol. Israel shall apply the "18+" period, whereby the examination will conclude within 18 months, but there will still be a possibility of a third party opposition within an additional period of 3 months thereafter.
Costs
The official fees paid in connection with an international application are as follows: WIPO charges "Basic fees" at the amount of CHF (Swiss Francs) 653 for a black and white mark, or CHF 903 for a mark in color. Additional fees are charged for designating each country, and their extent depend on the number and the identity of countries involved. In many countries, the designation fees are quite similar to the fees charged for national applications. There may also be additional fees for each class covered by the application. These fees depend on the number of classes and the jurisdictions in which protection is sought. An Israeli applicant will be required to pay all the international filing fees directly to WIPO. In addition, the Israeli Trademark Office shall charge the Israeli applicant processing fees at the amount of NIS 516 per application, payable to the Israeli Trademark Office upon filing the international application.
Dependency
The international registration is dependent on the basic application/registration (i.e. the national application filed in the Trademark Office where the international application is filed, which is usually the home country of the applicant) for a period of 5 years of the international application date. If the basic registration is revoked within a period of 5 years, the international registration is revoked as well. In addition, if the Registrar orders the revocation of a registered trademark in cancellation proceedings that commenced before the end of the 5 years period, the revocation shall be effective to the international registration as well under the dependency rule. In case of revocation of the basic registration, within 2 months the trademark owner may request the specific Trademark Offices in the designated countries to transform the international registration to a national one. This may cause the trademark owners to incur national official and related fees.
Subsequent designations
An owner of an international registration may, at any time, file a request for subsequent designations, thereby adding additional countries in which it seeks protection. Once the examination (both on the international and national level) of such subsequent designation is complete, the mark will be protected in these additional jurisdictions. The advantage of this option is the centralized management of a worldwide trademark portfolio, even if the application was filed in some countries at a later stage.
Attorney on record
International applications which reach examination in Israel do not reference an attorney on record, and absent refusals by the Israeli Trademark Office, the marks may be registered without an indication of a local attorney on record. However, there are some advantages in having a local attorney on record for Israeli registration. For instance, the Customs Authorities check the Israeli Trademark Register when they wish to notify the trademark owner about incoming shipments of suspected infringing goods. Therefore, it will still be recommended to appoint a local attorney on record, even for registrations obtained under an international registration. The TMO enables such appointments of local agents without payment of official fees.
What are the pros and cons of using the Madrid Protocol?
Advantages:
• Costs. The more countries are designated, the larger the savings by using the Madrid Protocol
• Simpler management and maintenance of international trademark portfolios:
o One attorney in charge of the entire portfolio;
o Recordals of all changes, including assignments and registered user, are centralized;
o One renewal process for all jurisdictions;
o No need to abide by the requirements of local POA's and other formalities that exist in various jurisdictions.
Disadvantages:
• The entitlement requirements – as explained above, the applicant of an international application must have either a commercial establishment, domicile or nationality in the country of the Trademark Office in which the international application is filed.
• An international registration cannot be assigned to a party who does not have either a commercial establishment, domicile or nationality in a country which is a member of the Madrid Protocol.
• The international registration must be identical to the basic application. Therefore, if the basic application is limited for some reason (for instance – in the US, USPTO requirements regarding the lists of goods and services are very strict), the international registration cannot be broader. In addition, Israeli applicants sometimes file trademark applications for a mark consisting of both the English and Hebrew versions of a word mark. However, for foreign filings, in most cases only the mark in English is relevant. Therefore, in such cases, using the Madrid system may be problematic.
• The dependency on the basic registration.
• Duration of the registration process - The registration process of an international application (which does not face refusals) may take around 1 year from the filing of the international applications. While in some jurisdictions this may represent a reasonable period compared to the national process, in major western jurisdictions such as the US and the EU, a national straight forward registration process is much quicker. Therefore, if the time of obtaining protection is significant to the applicant, this may represent a disadvantage in the Madrid system.
In any event, the Madrid Protocol may serve as a great opportunity for Israeli start-up companies to expand their trademark portfolios worldwide for relatively affordable costs.